ABSTRACT
Background: Mental health of a medical student remains affected throughout training due to long study and working hours, extensive course content, examinations, peer competition, uninspiring environments, sleep deprivation. Objectives of this study were to estimate the proportion of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Women medical undergraduate students and to determine the association between the Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Socio demographic factors among Women medical undergraduate students. Materials and methods: This were a cross sectional Study conducted among First, second, third and fourth year MBBS students of SVIMS - Sri Padmavathi Medical College for Women, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. Medical students who were present and willing to participate voluntarily on the day of data collection were included. Sample size calculated was 375. Information collected was socio-demographic details and Depression Anxiety Stress scale [DASS 42] was used to assess depression, anxiety and stress levels. Results: The present study assessed Depression, Anxiety and Stress among 588 medical undergraduates, by DASS 42 scale which revealed prevalence of depression was 34.7%, anxiety 44% and stress 30.3% and their significance association with year of study, not satisfied/partially satisfied with own education, less consump-tion water, less sleeping hours and hours of usage of gadgets. Conclusion: The present study found that prevalence of depression 34.7%, anxiety 44% and stress 30.3% among medical undergraduates. Medical students under strain are either unaware of their situation or reluc-tant to seek help.
ABSTRACT
Antioxidants oppose the toxic actions of lipid peroxides and oxygen radicals, and they limit the amount of lipid peroxides formed. Women with normal pregnancies have an increase in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation when compared with nonpregnant women. The antioxidants also increase progressively with advancing gestation, and the antioxidants in the fetus also increase with advancing gestation, especially during late gestation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the diefference of antioxidant status in maternal and neonatal plasma according to the delivery type. So, we investigated the status of antioxidant in the maternal and neonatal plasma when compared normal vaginal delivery with Cesarian section without labor. This study was done under the hypothesis that labor pain is originated from the hypoxic state of myometrium during uterine contraction. The number of women who were studied was total 56, 24 women were delivered by normal vaginal delivery and 32 women were done by Cesarean section without labor. The blood was sampled during active labor and postpartum 24 hour in the case of normal vaginal delivery, the women who were done Cesarean section being sampled before operation and 24 hours after operation. The neonatal blood was sampled from cord, birth 1 day and 3 day. The antioxidant levels were measured by Total Antioxidant Status (Randox Laboratory Ltd., UK) kit. The results were as follows. 1. The mean maternal plasma antioxidant status was not significantly different according to delivery types and not significantly different when compared antepartum with postpartum (vaginal delivery; antepartum: 1.54+/-0.31 mM/L, postpartum: 1.58+/-0.32 mM/L, Cesarean section; antepartum: 1.55+/-0.29 mM/L, postpartum: 1.56+/-0.33 mM/L). 2. The neonatal antioxidant status was not significantly different between the neonates who were born by vaginal delivery and the neonates who were born by Cesarean section. The neonatal plasma antioxidant status was increased progressively after birth (cord: birth 1 day: birth 3 day=1.46+/-0.25 mM/L: 1.59+/-0.25 mM/L: 1.79+/-0.37 mM/L). Therefore, labor pain was not seems to be significantly affect the maternal and neonatal plasma antioxidant status. And the neonatal antioxidant status was increased for adaptation to the external environment after birth.